Acute febrile illness refers to a sudden onset of fever and associated symptoms that may include headache, muscle aches, chills, and fatigue. While many acute febrile illnesses are self-limiting and resolve on their own, some may be indicative of a more serious underlying condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness can be broad, but the most common causes include: Viral infections : Many viruses can cause acute febrile illness, including the flu, dengue fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus. Bacterial infections : Bacterial infections that can cause acute febrile illness include pneumonia, meningitis, and urinary tract infections. Parasitic infections : Parasitic infections such as malaria, typhoid fever, and leptospirosis can cause acute febrile illness. Autoimmune disorders : Autoimmune disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can present with acute febrile illness. Drug reactions : Some drugs, including antib...